Can Hyperloops Substitute High Speed Rails in the Future?

While the existing literature has focused on impact of High Speed Rails (HSR) airline industry, we believe that this research is first to examine substitutability HSR with Hyperloop services from an operational point view. A simulation model developed compare performance both these alternate transportation modes for a network three major cities in Europe (Amsterdam, Paris, and Frankfurt). Our results indicate significantly lower pod capacity, system will still be able serve more customers compared services, while vehicle utilization observed higher latter alternative given period time. In addition, sensitivity analysis conducted assess variation capsule number pods system, commuter variability. We further two respect their estimated infrastructure costs as well CO2 emission. Finally, cost-benefit estimate passenger ticket price services.